War on Drugs Essay Example Essay Example

War on Drugs Essay Example Paper War on Drugs Essay Introduction In 1925, American journalist H. L. Mencken wrote, â€Å"Prohibition has not only failed in its promises but actually created additional serious and disturbing social problems throughout society. There is not less drunkenness in the Republic but more. There is not less crime, but more. The cost of government is not smaller, but vastly greater. Respect for law has not increased, but diminished. † Nearly 90 years later and this is still perfectly applicable today with the United States’ war on drugs.In June of 1971, former president Richard Nixon would famously be the first to declare a national â€Å"war on drugs†, a campaign of prohibition for illegal drug use and trade, citing drug abuse as â€Å".public enemy number one. † Despite a 1972 commission led by former Republican Pennsylvania Governor Raymond Shaffer giving a unanimous recommendation to decriminalize marijuana, the Nixon administration ignored these suggestions, and continued the pursuit against drug-related crimes in America.By 1973, the Nixon administration had created a new federal drug control agency known as the Drug Enforcement Administration, which would play a critical role in making drug enforcement a criminal justice issue. In the same year, Operation Intercept was initiated, a plan which would pressure Mexico to regulate its marijuana growers. This is the first time we would see that the war on drugs would come with a high price, with the United States spending hundreds of millions of dollars tightening border regulations, which would cause trade between Mexico and America to come to a complete standstill.Throughout the Nixon and Carter administrations, spending on the war on drugs continued to rise, and incarceration rates began to climb dramatically. But once Ronald Reagan won the 1980 election against incumbent Jimmy Carter, the war on drugs would reach a new level of federal spending. Just Say No, the powerful slogan championed by then-first lady Nancy Reaga n’s anti-drug campaign would teach children to stay away from drug use and unite Americans for the war on drugs. This became a iconic phrase associated with the 1980’s and 1990’s, and would bring the negative aspects of drug use to the forefront of homes.However, the 1980’s were also a decade where crack/cocaine peaked in popularity, becoming cheaper, more accessible, and significantly more common, despite a decade long effort to reduce drug use in the United States. From the time Reagan took office, the federal spending for the war on drugs was just under 2 billion dollars per year, and within Reagan’s 8 years as president, that number skyrocketed to being just over 5 billion dollars per year. (The Atlantic Wire, â€Å"A Chart That Says The War on Drugs Isn’t Working)Federal spending continued to increase exponentially as every new administration entered the White House, growing from 5 billion to 12 billion per year under George H. W. Bush , 12 billion to 18 billion per year under Bill Clinton, and 18 billion to over 20 billion per year under George W. Bush (The Atlantic Wire, â€Å"A Chart That Says The War on Drugs Isn’t Working), and with tax payers not only contributing to the outrageous spending on what seemed to be a fleeting war, incarcerations have also reached staggering heights.According to the Drug Policy Alliance, since 1980, the number of people behind bars for drug-related crimes has increased 1100% (Drug Policy Alliance, â€Å"Drug War Statistics), causing more of an economic burden to be placed on the American taxpayer. These statistics leave us with a few unanswered questions. Why do we continue fighting the war on drugs, what results have we drawn from the war on drugs, and what should be done about the future of the war on drugs?The reasons behind fighting the war are varied and debatable amongst both sides of the political spectrum, however one of the most frequently used points for the wa r on drugs are the health risks involved with drug use, and one of the more commonly used examples for this case are the dangerous of cannabis. In 1974, the Dr. Heath/Tulane University study is released, and California Governor Ronald Reagan announces, â€Å"The most reliable scientific sources say permanent brain damage is one of the inevitable results of the use of marijuana. † (Reagan, 1974 speech. ) Dr.Heath’s study had claimed to administer thirty joints of marijuana a day to Rhesus monkeys, and had begun to atrophy after only 90 days. Autopsies showed that these monkeys had lost brain cells, and had attributed this loss of brain cells to effects of marijuana. This study became the foundation of the governments claim that marijuana kills brain cells. But after six years of the National Organization of Marijuana Reform Laws (NORML) of requesting details on how these tests were conducted, and suing under the Freedom of Information Act, the details were finally revea led.Dr. Heath would administer a gas mask to his monkeys, and pump the equivalent of sixty-three joints into their lungs for 5 minutes a day for three months, meaning oxygen would be completely cut off from the monkeys brain, and they would be inhaling carbon monoxide along with the cannabis, achieving the desired results of dead brain cells under false pretenses. The results from this war have been overwhelmingly negative, but one of the most impactful results drawn from the war on drugs has been the shockingly high incarceration rates.Currently, America holds the highest incarceration rate in the world, 1 in every 99. 1 adults are in either federal, local or state prisons, totaling to 2,288,600 Americans (Drug Policy Alliance, â€Å"Drug War Statistics), each of which the taxpayer must account for. The National Policy Committee presented a paper to the American Society of Criminology in February of 2001 which cited the war on drugs as on of the largest contributing factors for th e increase in incarceration, stating: A major reason for the dramatic increase in the U. S. rison population and associated increases in the number of Blacks, Hispanics and women, has been substantial increases in the numbers of persons sentenced to prison for drug crimes. Back in 1980 the number of prisoners convicted for a drug offense was only 19,000 or about 6 percent of the state prison population which numbered less than 300,000. By 1998 the numbers had increased by 237,000, or 21 percent of the state prison population. Furthermore, the average sentence for drug offenses had increased from 13 months in 1985 to 30 months by 1994.Many of these offenders are simple drug users who have no record of violence and who pose little danger to public safety. (Austin, James et al. â€Å"The Use of Incarceration in the United States†) The reason for the sharp incline of prison population due to drug related crimes in the United States in 1980 is attributed solely to mandatory senten cing, which came with the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986. This would enact a different minimum sentence for every drug related offense, keeping any person of a drug crime in prison. (The costs of which is $28,323 per inmate, per year. )So finally we ask ourselves, what should be done about the war on drugs? With an almost consecutive record of failure, after four decades are we only now beginning to look at the war on drugs critically. The war on drugs being a total failure has become a shared sentiment by most, with 82% of Americans believing we are losing the war on drugs (Riggs, Mike. â€Å"Poll: 82 Percent of Americans Think the U. S. Is Losing The War on Drugs†), and the Global Commission on Drug Policy releasing the statement, â€Å"The global war on drugs has failed, with devastating consequences for individuals and societies around the world. (Jahangir, Asma et al. , â€Å"Report of the Global Commission on Drug Policy. ) Simply by ending our unavailing war, the Drug P olicy Alliance estimates the United States would save 51 billion dollars per year (Drug Policy Alliance, â€Å"Drug War Statistics†), as well as gain revenue from taxed and regulated drug markets and keep many from incarceration due to nonviolent crime (Boesler, Lutz. â€Å"32 Reasons Why We Need To End The War On Drugs†). The war on drugs has proven to be a failure, and in the light of failure it makes no sense to ignore the issue and pretend it will go away.Rather, we must look at the past, the statistics and the truth and understand what effect this war really has on us. Higher spending and greater incarceration are not the answer America needs, and this is evident by the addiction rate staying at a nearly constant 1% throughout the war on drugs. (National Policy Committee, â€Å"The Use of Incarceration in the United States) After four decades and over one trillion dollars spent, all we have truly discovered is that prohibition did not work in the 1920’s an d prohibition will certainly not work now.With countries around the world becoming more social liberal towards this issue, they’ve taken the steps America has yet to: understanding that regulation and taxation are the only real solutions to drug use. And in order to begin to take those steps, it falls on the Americans who’ve seen the war fail, who’ve lived through the reckless spending and the unjust imprisonments to do exactly what was done in 1933 to have prohibition repealed: to speak up and demand reform. Today, with a more critical analysis and understanding of the war on drugs, it seems as though these steps are only now beginning.With Colorado and Washington voting for decriminalization of marijuana in the 2012 election, and with the Obama administration’s refusal to use the term â€Å"war on drugs†, it seems as though a more progressive look is soon above the horizon. Richard Branson, famous CEO of Virgin Group, renowned businessman and mul ti-billionaire put the war on drugs in the simplest terms from an economic perspective when he said in a 2012 CNN article, â€Å"In business, if one of our companies is failing, we take steps to identify and solve the problem. What we don’t do is continue failing strategies that cost huge sums of money and exacerbate the problem.Rather than continuing on the disastrous path of the war on drugs, we need to look at what works and what doesn’t in terms of real evidence and data. † (Branson, â€Å"War on drugs a trillion-dollar failure†) Works Cited Branson, Richard. â€Å"War on drugs a trillion-dollar failure. † CNN. com. 06 December 2012. Web. 27April2013. The Drug Policy Alliance. â€Å"Forty Years of Failure† DrugPolicy. org. Web. 12 May 2013. The Drug Policy Alliance. â€Å"Drug War Statistics† DrugPolicy. org. Web. 12 May 2013. Riggs, Mike. â€Å"Poll: 82 Percent of Americans Think the U. S. Is Losing The War on Drugs† Reaso n. com. 13 November 2012. Web. 3 May 2013. Austin, James et al. â€Å"The Use of Incarceration in the United States† ASC41. com. February 2011. Web. 13 May 2013. Boesler, Matthew and Ashley Lutz. â€Å"32 Reasons Why We Need To End The War On Drugs† BuisnessInsider. com. 12 July 2012. Web. 13 May 2013. Bibliography Breeding, Brian. â€Å"Does Marijuana Really Kill Brain Cells? † Yahoo. com. 11 September 2009. Web. 4 May 2013. National Public Radio. â€Å"Timeline: America’s War on Drugs† NPR. org. 2 April 2007. Web. 12 May 2013. Herer, Jack. Hemp ;amp; the Marijuana Conspiracy: The Emperor Wears No Clothes. Newcastle upon Tyne: Green Planet, 1994. Print. War on Drugs Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Booze and Loose essays

Booze and Loose essays Alcoholism is a disease which can be found in many American homes. It can have both short and long term effects on the way a person thinks and acts. This in return can destroy a families relationship, a persons mental health as well as a person future. Both my mother and my father were alcoholics so I have a first hand experience with alcoholism in a family environment. Even though they both drank, they were two different types of alcoholics. My mother was they type that, when she drank, she would become depressed and lay around the house all day. This effected her relationship with her kids because anytime we wanted to do something she would complain about having to get out of bed. This in return effected her relationship with my father. She rarely cleaned or cooked super. This was all my father wished for when he got home for work. Before long, our happy family of five was a not so happy family of four. Now that my mom and my dad divorced, he would frequently come home three sheets to the wind raising hell about the lawn not being mowed or the dishes not being washed. Since my mom had left our dad expected us to do all the house work. Anytime he was not working he had an Old Milwaukee in his hand. He spent his spar e time yelling at my two brothers and me. Before long they moved in with my mother, who has been sober for 2 years. Now it is only my dad and I, a couple of bachelors. Even though our family will never be the same, we try not to let alcoholism ruin our lives. Another effect alcoholism has on a person is it alters their mentality. Alcohol changes the way someone thinks and acts. A person who frequently drinks only thinks of themself, not the family worried sick at home. While they are out killing brain cells their family is at home sitting by the telephone hoping that something bad has not happened. Many times the bartender at Renegades has called me and ask if I could come and pick ...

A View from the Bridge Essay Example for Free (#32)

A View from the Bridge Essay ? Marco is married and has got two children whilst Rodolfo is still single. When, both Catherine and Rodolfo see each other, it is almost like love at first site. Catherine uses flirtatious procedures to convey to the audience that she feels somewhat of him. When she starts using these actions, â€Å"High heels† Eddie does not like this and so sends her back to the room to get changed, â€Å"Do me a favour, will you? Go ahead. † This makes Catherine undergo embarrassment as Rodolfo was at the scene. I would want the audience to observe that both Catherine and Rodolfo have got feelings for each other and that Eddie is in the surroundings being jealous. Due to the relationship between Eddie and Catherine, Beatrice’s relationship is suffering as he is paying attention more towards Catherine then Beatrice. Another crucial scene/turning point in this play is when both, Rodolfo and Catherine are left unaccompanied in the apartment. Whilst in the room, Catherine questions Rodolfo about his motives, in which he is traumatized and was wondering if Eddie thought that too. This is because Eddie warns Catherine that he is after an American citizenship. She asks him, â€Å"Would you still want to do it if it turned out we had to go live in Italy† His reaction was, â€Å"No; I will not marry you in Italy. I want to be a citizen†. At this instant I would want the audience to become conscious that Rodolfo wants to marry Catherine just to be an American Citizen and that they could change their minds later on. Catherine replies to this and says that she does not want to leave Eddie after what he has done for her (Eddie has treated her as a daughter and paid for her to go to extra classes of her interest after leaving high school. ) She makes it sound that Eddie was an ex-lover or ex-husband of her, â€Å"You thinks it’s so easy to turn around and say to a man he’s noting’ to you no more? † As a director I would want the audience to realize that Catherine is aware that she needs to grow up as she gets advice from Beatrice saying, â€Å"Beatrice says to be a woman†. At this point Catherine gets aggravated as she makes it sound as if she has to choose between Rodolfo and Eddie, â€Å"I know him and now I’m supposed to turn around and make a stranger out of him. † She takes in mind what Beatrice suggested to her about being a woman which leads to her having sex with Rodolfo. This is a turning point to the audience and to Catherine. At this turning point I would want the audience to reconsider their views on Rodolfo about wanting to be an American citizen. No one would sleep with a woman and not have feelings for her. The light rises on Eddie. He enters the flat drunk and see’s a glimpse of Catherine adjusting her dress and coming from the bedroom. At this particular moment, Eddie senses what the two have been up to. â€Å"Rodolfo appears in the bedroom doorway. Eddie see’s him and his arm jerks slightly in shock. † He does this action as he wants to hit Rodolfo as he knows what they have been up to and that he is jealous and cannot bear it. He can not handle that Catherine is taking responsible of her own life. When a pause appears, as a director I would want to create tension in the audience as the characters are all hiked up. Shortly after the build up of tension, Eddie switches his actions and tells Rodolfo to â€Å"Pack it up† and â€Å"Get out of here†. Eddie gets dominant over Catherine by grabbing her and stopping her from following Rodolfo to her bedroom. â€Å"She frees her arm,† which indicates her rebelling against him and her wanting his approval. Eddie, at his point is jealous following what Rodolfo and Catherine have been up to and knows that he cannot have her. Soon after there is a sudden breakthrough of Eddies feelings as he, â€Å"reaches out suddenly, draws her to him and as she strives to free himself he kisses her on the mouth. † He kisses her to provoke Rodolfo and to see how she and he react. This all leads to violence in which, â€Å"Rodolfo flies at him in attack†. At this point Eddie kisses Rodolfo to show Catherine he is gay and to show her that Rodolfo did not prevent this from happening. The last crucial scene in this play is the last scene where Eddie gets killed. This consequence was created when Eddie did a very unintelligent thing of phoning the immigration bureau to report the two illegal immigrants, Rodolfo and Marco. He then regrets phoning the bureau up and tells them to move as they moved with more illegal immigrants which had a very violent family. This way Rodolfo and Marco would not get caught and would remain safe whereas the other illegal immigrants wouldn’t. Soon after they decided, they did not have enough time to move, as the officers came to pick Rodolfo and Marco up. Eddie had begged Beatrice to tell them to move and soon after, she had realized what Eddie had done. She turned against Eddie and used harsh language against him, â€Å"He’s a rat. † At this time I would want my audience to turn against Eddie. This then lead to more violence of Eddie getting killed by Marco as he has suffered from his family being without food and money. I would want my audience to feel more sympathy for Marco rather than Rodolfo. The culture of this play is all in relation to a child who grassed his uncle to the immigration bureau seeing that he was an illegal immigrant. The kid was completely beaten up by his family and no-one wanted to know him after what he did. In an Italian family, the families need to be loyal to each other and if something goes wrong outside the family, the Sicilian community requires the law to be taken in hand and that justice should be done. I would want the audience to relate back to this during the last scene and keep this in mind as this is a sort of thing that Eddie had done but the consequences were much worse. If I was directing A View from the Bridge I would want my audience to see that there is a mixed relationship portrayed in this play. This is because of the actions, dialogue and motives used between the two characters. Throughout the play, I would want the audience to change their views on what they thought of the character of Eddie as he did some good quality things however he also did horrific things. The relationship between Eddie and Catherine would have never been further than an uncle and niece. Two relationships between, Eddie and Beatrice and Catherine and Rodolfo both got disturbed due to the actions undertaken by Eddie which affected the characters. I would want my audience to keep on re-evaluating their views on the relationship between Eddie and Catherine as this would make the play more interesting. Coming to the end of the play, the audience would have found out that Eddie did have feelings for Beatrice as his last words were ‘My lovely B’. BY JULAN SHAH Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section. A View from the Bridge. (2017, Oct 25).

Mental Health Campaigns Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mental Health Campaigns - Research Paper Example W.H.O also emphasizes the fact that mental health "is not just the absence of mental disorder†. Mental health denotes the cognitive or emotional well-being and the behavioral and thinking processes of people. Mental health is pivotal for an individual as it can affect the way a person think, feel and behave in any situation and can also negatively impact the quality of living, relationships and physical well-being of an individual. It is estimated that about 20-25% of the population of every nation in the world suffer from a Mental or a neuropsychiatric disorder during their lifetime (Klin & Lemish, 2008, p. 2). Though a number of psychological health awareness initiatives and educational programs have attempted to improve mental health literacy among the public with the aim of improving recognition and help seeking and reducing stigma, only 20–35% of those people identified with mental disorder seek professional assistance (Klin & Lemish, 2008, p. 2). Mental Health Literacy refers to "the ability to gain or access to, understand, and use information in ways which promote and maintain good mental health" (Chang, 2008, p. 1). Low mental health literacy of the people can accentuate the distorted health beliefs of the public that hinders the willingness of people identified with mental disorders from recognizing their symptoms and seeking professional help. The health beliefs of the public act as one of the main barriers to treatment participation or access to care. The stigma since is a social element that shape up the health beliefs of the public, can, therefore, prevent people from pursuing mental health services as they do not want to get labeled as "mental patient". The health beliefs of the public, formulated by the stigma, therefore, needs to be accurate and public health campaigns become essential to improve the mental health literacy of the public. This paper focuses on the stigmatization of mental health disorders and the an alysis of the efficacy of entertainment-education utilized in public health campaigns. Stigmatization is â€Å"the process wherein one condition or aspect of an individual is attributionally linked to some pervasive dimension of the target person's identity† (Byrne, 2011). Stigma is a 'buzz word' and it is a mark of disgrace or discredit that sets a person aside from others and this negative aspect of an individual give a deviant identity to that person (Byrne, 2011). When marked as 'mentally ill', a psychiatric patient is objected to internal consequences such as secrecy, lower self-esteem and shame as well as the external consequences of social exclusion, prejudice and discrimination. The people identified with psychological disabilities are marginalized not only from the society but also from the development aid and government attention. Moreover, this group of people is vulnerable to the public stigmatization wherein they are imposed with the distorted images of violence, sin and laziness. Though there are modern methods of treatment for mental illness, the public believe that long-term hospital care is the only solution to mental illness. (Mental Health: Advocacy, 2011). In order to examine stigma associated with mental health, a measuring of public opinion about mental disorders becomes necessary as it can identify the levels of awareness, belief systems, fears and stereotypes related to mental disorders. But measuring public opinion, by focus groups or

ECO MOD 2 CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ECO MOD 2 CA - Essay Example This was mainly due to the impairment charges of  £973mn related to ex-Armor Holdings business. BAE: The net operating cash flow has a mixed trend declining by 17.9% in 2008 and then growing by 9.1% in 2009. This is due to the company facing difficulties in generating net income from its operations. Upon examination of note 12 to balance sheet for the year ended 2009 it could be suggested that the machinery and other equipment recorded at historical cost of CHF677.9mn and accumulated depreciation is CHF477.7mn may not be reflective of the current market values as the depreciation amount is quite high that suggests long history of these equipments in use. Similar, reasoning could be made for other non-current assets that have a net book value of CHF53.4mn as compared to their historical value of CHF223.2mn (Sulzer 2009). Balance sheet of year ended 2009 reflects that the company has plant, rental machines and other property at historical cost of $39,596 with accumulated depreciation of $25,431. Under Note H to consolidated financial statement details of assets suggest that the company has land, building and other equipment however they are not distinguished on the basis of their remaining useful lives and no other details are provided (IBM 2009). Accumulated depreciation reflects 64% of the historical value that implies that these assets are quite old but the current values of replacement assets surely going to be higher than these values. From the note 12 it is clear that the accumulated depreciation is more than 50% for plant and machinery and aircraft. This implies that the remaining useful life of these assets is low and their net book values may not reflect the true value of these assets in their book. The depreciation method used for plant and machinery is straight line method that spreads the economic value over 3 to 5 years which means that the accumulated depreciation value implies high number of years

Unseen Forces That Pushed A Couple To Trouble Essay Example for Free

Unseen Forces That Pushed A Couple To Trouble Essay A person’s fate is not only said to have been the result of one’s decisions in life; but on a larger perspective, resulted from the influences of societal forces. â€Å"Social forces are shaped by human interaction and have a direct effect on life chances and life experiences. † (Conyers, J. L. ) Such is the case of a couple, named Ted and Zelda. There are several societal forces I’ve seen in this case and among them are: social structure, employment opportunity, education, the healthcare, and the criminal justice system. The first social problem is Ted and Zelda’s place in society, which is their social structure. They both belong to the working class, which is the middle class, neither rich nor poor. I viewed this as a social problem, because it influenced Ted and Zelda’s decision to become doctors one day. It is, indeed, very expensive to pursue medicine yet it became the dream of the couple. Since it is a standard for a middle class couple to pursue medicine, it will be a shame if they can’t pursue that course. They have to pursue it no matter what. The next social problem I’ve seen is the education system. This social problem has been the most prominent all throughout because it greatly affected them in many ways. First, due to the medical course’s very expensive tuition fee, they were compelled to use up their savings after using up the maximum amount for student loans. Probably the reason why their student loans were used up was due to the fact that their present tuition fees kept increasing and they have to pay for it. They are very fortunate, though, that they have the privilege to get student loans to help them with their tuition fees, because other countries don’t have that option. Ted was accepted in three medical schools, while Zelda didn’t. The education standard was forcing Zelda to take up nursing instead. Being a female she is, the education system convinced her that she would be better off as a nurse because since she will be a wife and a mother some day. The next social problem is the employment opportunity. When Ted lost his job, it became a huge obstacle for him to pursue medicine. This forced Zelda to seek a job in order to help Ted. Remember that Zelda is not a college graduate, so that means that her chances of getting a higher wage are poor. Whatever she’s earning from her job wasn’t enough to help Ted. This lack of greater employment opportunity due to outsourcing led the couple to despair. Isn’t it true that when you feel like the world is crushing you, you will tend to seek comfort somewhere? Well, where do you think Ted and Zelda will gather their strength to move on? Of course, they get the comfort from each other. Since both of them are unemployed, they don’t have anything to focus on except themselves. They got more time for each other, thus, more time to have sex. Zelda, of course, eventually got pregnant. This led to another social problem. There was a great stigma to society for her to become pregnant out of wedlock. Instead of getting more help or support from her family, she was disowned. This probably had emotionally tormented Zelda a lot when she was pregnant, which could explain complications in childbirth. Healthcare played a vital role to Ted and Zelda’s life. The complications of birth led them to get huge bills from the hospital. Since Ted and Zelda’s employment doesn’t cover health insurance, this forced Zelda to look for a second job, and eventually led the couple to seek somebody who could take care of their baby. Their baby mysteriously died. Finally, the last social problem they encountered was the criminal justice system. Ted was incarcerated for the assault which led him to become unemployed again. The stigma of this event had greatly affected both their opportunities to get jobs, therefore, in great despair; Zelda chose to commit suicide instead. Things will be different if these social problems weren’t present. If Zelda was accepted into medical school, she would’ve had higher hopes and would’ve pursued it well. On employment opportunity, if Ted’s employer didn’t outsource, then Ted will still have a job enough to pursue his studies and will eventually prevent Zelda from becoming pregnant. Zelda won’t have to be disowned, and the couple would’ve been doctors one day. Conclusively, social factors indeed affect anybody’s decisions. It should not be blamed alone on the individual on whatever happens to his life. Family support and great understanding plays a good role in order to prevent social problems occurring from one stage to another. Works Cited Conyers, J. L. 2003. â€Å"Afrocentricity and the Economy. † Jefferson: North Carolina. McFarland Company, Inc. p. 28. October 11, 2008 [http://books. google. com/books? id=pDE4LXoIcP8Cpg=PA28lpg=PA28dq=social+forces+and+life+chancessource=webots=954jbjCFPAsig=-UlWUATNeIcpp55RjFCHb4oWlW0hl=ensa=Xoi=book_resultresnum=6ct=resulthttp://www. youtube. com/watch? v=139NEANvig4feature=related].

Music Censorship Essay -- social issues

Music Censorship Healthy debates have been caused by today's music. Generally, foul language has rapidly increased within modern popular song lyrics, especially among rap and heavy metal artists' songs. An increase in explicit violence and misogyny in popular music lyrics has been recorded. These lyrics have been judged to be inspirations for violent, suicidal, and criminal acts. For example, Mr. Raymond Kuntz referred to his son's incident. ''When his wife went to wake their son for school, they found him dead of a gunshot wound, still wearing his headphones with Marilyn Manson's Anti-Christ Superstar CD still in the player. The boy's favorite song was ''The Reflecting God (Nina Crowley, ''Senate Hearings on Music, Newsgroup at page 2, November 15, 1997).'' However, the artists and producers defend the musical lyrics, and claim that these acts come purely from self-inspiration, not extrinsic influence such as their music. If this were true, then why would 59 % of substance abusers name heavy metal a s their favorite type of music? ( Javier Martin, ''Separating Fact from Fiction: Rock Music and Violence'' November 28, 1997, page 2). Most teenagers listen to popular music, and learn from the words of the artists. Therefore, if an artist sets an example of being ''cool'' and performing harmful acts, a listener may reproduce his learned actions. ''Rappers call on their fans to kill, dismember, and smash the heads of teachers, and dumb cops (Peter Viles, ''Bulgaria's racist rap.'' World Press Review June 1996: Page 41).'' The entire world is affected by this reoccurring theme, since adolescents are influenced by music on a daily basis. Although almost everyone is directly affected, some people do not admit to profane music having a personal influence. ''People perceive media content to have greater impact on others than on themselves.'' (Douglas M. McLeod, ''Support for Censorship of Violent and Misogynic Rap Lyrics.'' Communication Research, April 1997: page 153). Naturally, the ma jority of youth is heavily influenced by music, and needs to be protected from the harm of obscene artists. Due to its negative affects upon society, I believe the government should further restrict music that has been specified as dangerous to the well being of the listeners. Contrary to many assumptions, modern youth is not protected enough from harmful music, even though ther... ... new laws to help harmful media reach younger listeners and viewers. New laws would essentially create a better future for society's youth. They would help prevent children from learning violent acts through example, and keep innocent people from being offended by foul language. The lyrical content of modern music has had a noticeable affect on the actions of all society. Few limitations have been applied to the availability of these horrid songs, so the ears of young children are still exposed to them. These children do not realize the affect it has upon them. ''People perceive media content to have a greater impact on others than on themselves (McLeod 1).'' Because the nation's youth is being subjected to these types of songs, children and teenagers are committing crimes, drinking alcohol, using drugs, and forming racist or sexist opinions. These actions are learned actions, and are based upon the words written for obscene music. Our country needs to evaluate this music carefully, which can protect our youth from further harm. ''Understanding the nature and extent of the influence of music violence may well be the first step for ensuring a more civil society (Crowley 2).''

Video Games Are Not a Bad Influence on Children

Majority of people think that video games are a bad influence on children and teens. Children need to know what is right from worng and the people that can teach them is their parents. Children need to realize reality from fiction. School teacher can also help the children with the reality. I believe that videos games do not have a bad influence on children.Parents need to teach their children that video games are only games and the thing that are done in the games are things that can not be done in the real world. Video games have more violence now than usual, but the parents should teach their children that violence is not the way to solve anything. Majority of the young parents accept the violence video games because they themselves grew up with those games and they want their children to go up with them as well.The old generations didn't grow up with video games and the new generation is. The factuly and staff of the school can also prevent violence, because just as much as child ren are with their parents they are with the factuly and staff at the school. When a child does or even makes a gesture its up to the factuly or staff to put a stop to it. If the factuly or staff does not put a stop to the bad gesture then the child is going to think its ok and he is going to keep doing it.

Fifth Amendment

The Fifth Amendment dates back to the 17th century, in England. They used it to protect their citizens. It was designed to protect us just like it protected the people in England. It protects us against government authority in a legal procedure.Amendment 5 states, â€Å"No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be completed in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.Question #1 What specific constituencies supported the provisions of this amendment at the time of the Constitutional Convention? Who wer e they and why did they support it? The Federalists (James Madison) introduced and supported the provisions of the 5th amendment. Madison included a constitutional provision that an individual shall not â€Å"be compelled to be a witness against himself. † Congress added the words â€Å"in any criminal case†, meaning that the provision, which will become one of the Fifth Amendment’s clauses providing safeguards against abuse of criminal laws.Because the idea that double jeopardy was wrong was so widely upheld by the colonists, James Madison also presented the Double Jeopardy Clause to Congress. Question #2 Were there any groups or persons that were against the inclusion of this amendment (or any part of it)? Who were they and why did they not support it? There were not any groups or persons that were against the inclusion of the 5th Amendment at the time of the Constitutional Convention. Question #3 Were there any changes or modifications proposed that were not included in the amendment? Who or what constituencies supported or opposed the proposed changes?Why? Many representatives rose to argue that Madison’s wording of the Double Jeopardy Clause was not strong enough. Madison had worded his Double Jeopardy Clause like this, â€Å"No subject shall be subject, except in cases of impeachment, to more than one punishment, or trial for the same offense. † Some representatives argued that the phrase â€Å"or trial† would prevent people from receiving a retrial if they had convicted improperly in their first trial. Eventually the phrase was left out, and the Congress and the States voted to make the Fifth Amendment Double Jeopardy Clause, as we know it, law.Question #4 What (if any) were the historical causes for this amendment to be important enough to be included in the original Bill of Rights? The Fifth Amendment states that â€Å"No person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself. † This right was created in reaction to the British courts of equity in 1487. These courts were truth-seekers. The prosecutors did not have to prove the case instead they got proof from confessions out of the accused. The accused were required to answer any questions from the prosecutors at any time.The common law courts of England adopted the principle of nemo tenetur – that no man should be bound to accuse himself. The right to be free from self-incrimination was established in common law throughout most of the colonies before it appeared in the US constitution. Question #5 Have there been any attempts to change or repeal this amendment through the years? When and by whom? Who or what constituencies supported or opposed the changes or attempts at repeal? Why? SOURCE 1 (http:/www. enotes. com/american-court-case) The 1887 Act of Congress allowed the government to compel an individual to testify against himself.Counselman vs. Hitchcock 1882. In 1891 Charles Counselman, a grain businessman was brought before the court for violation. The Chicago court requested it mandatory that Charles answer certain questions; Counselman refused on the grounds of self-incrimination. The Supreme Court, with Justice Blatchford giving the opinion, declared the 1887 law as related to the Fifth Amendment is not of the Bill of Rights. Source 2 (www. blackwellreference. com/public/tocnode The California State law granted power to prosecute any criminal defendants who exercise his or ‘her right to silence’, by interpreting the silence as an inference of guilt.In 1965 in the Griffin vs. California, Dean Griffin was accused of murder. In the court Griffin refused to speak. His silence was ruled as an acknowledgement of guilt and Griffin was sentenced on those grounds. The Supreme Court, with Justice Douglas giving the ruling, declared that inferring that a person’s right to remain silent is to be deemed guilty is changing the Fifth to suit the court. Source3 (ht tp;/ www. lectlaw. com/files) California State instituted the law of â€Å"Immunity† which compels an individual to testify against himself, with the guarantee that it will not be used to prosecute him.In 1972, Kastigar vs. United States, Charled Kastigar refused to reply even though he was given the guarantee. The California law was qualifying the Fifth Amendment’s right to be silent. The Supreme Court Judge Powell delivered the opinion, which granted â€Å"Use Immunity† which was compatible with the Fifth Amendment. Use Immunity would not allow anything that was given in testimony to be used as evidence for prosecution, nor in any other succeeding case against the defendant. Question #6 Are there currently any constituencies that want this amendment changed, abbreviated, expanded or repealed?Who would support such changes and why? Who would oppose such changes and why? In 2007 George W. Bush issued an executive order that effectively destroyed the Fifth Amendm ent. This executive order that he signed claimed that he has the power to seize the property of any person who undermines efforts to promote economic reconstruction and political reform in Iraq. Bush declared that he can take people’s property without due process if the government determines in some way that a person is undermining efforts to promote economic reconstruction and political reform in Iraq.

Are There Black People With Freckles

Are There Black People With Freckles SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips When you think about freckles, what do you think of? Fair-skinned children whose mothers slather sunblock on them? Bright, shocking red hair? Maybe even Pippi Longstocking? As a beauty feature, freckles are commonly associated with fair-skinned people, leading to the question: â€Å"Can black people have freckles?† The answer is yes- there are many black people with freckles, as well as people with other skin tones who have freckles, too. In this article, I’ll break down what causes freckles and who has them. I’ll also provide images of black people with freckles to demonstrate the different skin tones that have freckles. Can Black People Have Freckles? 3 Examples of Freckles on a Black Person Check out these three images to see examples of how freckles look on a black person. What Are Freckles? Freckles, also known as ephelides, are clusters of melanized skin. Freckles have melanocytes (melanin-producing cells) that overproduce melanin granules which change the color of outer skin cells. What does that mean? Basically, freckles are bunched-up clusters of melanin-producing cells. When UV rays hit these bunched-up clusters of cells, they’ll darken in color, changing the pigment of small parts of your skin. Freckles are triggered by sunlight, meaning that they develop as you grow and expose your skin to the sun. Because freckles appear after exposure to sun, many people associate them with sun damage. However, freckles are actually not related to sun damage at all. Freckles can, though, disguise lentigo, or sun spots, which can be a sign of cancer. Regardless of your skin tone and the presence of freckles, you should always protect your skin with a broad spectrum UVA/UVB sunscreen that’s SPF 30 or higher. Not just anyone can have freckles. In order to have freckles, you must have a variation of the MC1R gene. People of all heritages and skin tones can have this genetic mutation. Why Are Freckles More Commonly Associated With Fair Skin? If there are black people with freckles, why are freckles so predominantly associated with people with fair skin? Why aren't there many examples of black people with freckles? The answer lies in genetics. The variation of the MC1R gene that causes freckles is passed down genetically. People of Celtic heritage, who typically have very fair hair and skin, are more likely to have this genetic mutation than other groups. However, people of African, Mediterranean, Asian, and Hispanic descent can also have freckles. The genetic mutation simply isn’t as common in these groups as it is in groups of Celtic descent, so you don't see as many Asian or black people with freckles. Can Freckles Disappear? Just as freckles appear in the light, they can fade in the lack of sun exposure. Many people whose freckles appear during the summer often watch those same freckles fade over the winter. On the other hand, there are plenty of people whose freckles stay year-round after they first appear. Every person’s freckles are slightly different. 4 Tips for Taking Care of Skin with Freckles While freckles aren’t associated with skin damage, they can make you more prone to getting other, malignant types of skin conditions. Follow these four tips to take care of your skin if you have freckles. #1: Always Wear Sunscreen Both fair skinned and black people with freckles (and really everyone) should always wear sunscreen. Look for a broad spectrum UVA/UVB sunscreen that’s SPF 30 or higher. If you’re trying to limit the appearance of freckles, sunscreen will help guard your skin from the UV rays that cause freckles to appear. Sunscreen will also help prevent dangerous skin damage. #2: Visit a Dermatologist If you freckle easily, your skin will also be more prone to skin cancer and sun damage. You should visit a dermatologist at least once a year to receive a skin cancer screening. Some types of skin cancer look like freckles, so it’s important to visit a doctor who can help you tell the difference. #3: Perform Monthly Self-Examinations Just like women should perform monthly breast self exams, people with freckles should perform monthly skin exams. You don’t have to do anything fancy for a skin exam- simply make note of the freckles, moles, and other skin markings you have. The more aware you are of your body, the more likely you are to notice when something has appeared or changed. #4: Exfoliate Exfoliating helps remove dead skin cells and allows for healthy skin turnover. Exfoliating will help remove dead, dull-looking skin and help your other skin care products, like sunscreen and moisturizers, work better. Recap: Can Black People Have Freckles? Freckles are caused by a variation on the MC1R gene- and anyone, with any skin color or heritage, can have them. Freckles are clusters of melanin-producing cells that appear when exposed to UV rays. If you have freckles, it’s important to take good care of your skin by using sunscreen to prevent from sun damage.

Avon Products or GE Money America Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Avon Products or GE Money America - Case Study Example A client then selects a product to purchase after which the sales representative places the item selected on order with the relevant distribution center assigned to the representative (Bartholdi, 2002, p. 2). Items produced by Avon include skin care items; make up, perfume fragrance, hair care, personal care, body care, and sun care. The most conspicuous products of the company are Skin-So-Soft which is a bath products while a new product include â€Å"Avon color† comprising lip, eye, face shades and nail colors (Clinton, 1993, p. 2) In the business world today, human capital is one of the company’s most valuable assets therefore companies must retain and engage talented employees. They must also equip their employees with the necessary skill to become more beneficial. Talent management includes attracting, identifying, recruiting, developing, motivating, promoting, and retaining people that have a strong urge to succeed within an organization (Laff, 2006, pp. 42-50) By 2005, the company was an $8 billion company with a 10% growth in its annual revenue and 25% growth in the profits. However, in 2006 the company experienced problems mainly associated with decreasing revenues and profits. The root cause of these challenges was that the company was growing at a rate faster than it could support in terms of infrastructure and talent. The main problem was on the management of talent and talent practices. Therefore, something had to be done to solve these problems and make a revolution in the company. This could be through making changes to these talent practices in order to make the practices easy to use and very effective From the Case Study it is clear that the company embraced several models to improve talent practices among them was the model for simplification of every process. It has been noted that majority of talent practices possess unnecessary complexity that discourage managers from using them and this dragged the pace at which talent was growing in

Japanese Takeaway Restaurant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Japanese Takeaway Restaurant - Essay Example In this research study, in order to identify the appropriate outcomes of the research study, both male and female consumers have been selected as a sample population. While conducting the survey, for identifying the key components, which can lead sustained future success for the Japanese takeaway restaurants, Middlesex Street location has been chosen. Moreover, for the survey, a population sample of young respondents falling under the age group of 1-49 such as students, teachers, doctors and working professionals have been duly considered. Â  Simultaneously, in order to conduct the statistical survey, ‘random sampling’ approach has been chosen for this particular research. In this regard, it can be claimed that ‘random sampling’ approach is one of the efficient statistical survey approaches by which huge figure of data can be gathered within a quick period and also in a cost-effective manner (Onwuegbuzie & Leech, 2007). Â  With the aim of identifying the key components, which can lead towards future success for the Japanese Takeaway Store, overall 10 questions have been framed for the respondents who often consume fast foods. In this regard, the questionnaire was framed in such a manner, wherein, both open ended and close ended questions were selected for identify the behaviors, perceptions, needs, preferences, and opinions of the fast-food customers (Hesse-Biber & et. al., 2010). Â